Learn Basic Computer, Definition of Computer & Types

Learn Basic Computer, Definition of Computer & Types:-

DEFINATION OF COMUTER

Computer is an electronic machine which is generally used to calculations. It takes any data as an input and after a specific processing given the related output.

DEFINATION OF KEYBOARD

Keyboard is the main device for giving the instructions between the user &computer. It has the number of keys that are further divided into 5 types &these keys are:

104 to 109

112 to 118 ►multiple keyboard

Types of keys are:-

Alphabetic keys =AtoZ, a to z

Numeric keys = 0 to 9

• Directional keys = Left arrow key, right arrow key, up arrow key, down arrow key.
• Functional key = F1 ToF12
• Special keys = Enter, alt, space, ctrl.etc.

How many types of output units?

Many types of output units like

• Monitor
• Printer
• Plotter

How many types of monitor?

There are three types of monitor

• Simple monitor
• Plasma screen monitor
• Liquid compact disk monitor(LCD)

HOW MANY TYPES OF COMRUTER

FOUR TYPES OF COMRUTER

1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. Micro Computer
4. Mini Computer

MAIN COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER                       

1. P.U = Brain of computer
2. Monitor = Display
3. Keyboard = Input
4. Mouse = cursor
5. UPS = Accessories

FULL FORM OF BASIC AND COMPUTER

B = Business

A = All purpose

S = Symbolic

I = Instruction

C = Code

C = Common

O = Operating

M = Machine

P = Processing

U = used for

T = Technology

E = Electronic, Educational

R = Research

CHART OF COMPUTER

 HARDWARE

The physical part of the computer is called hardware or we can say that the touchable part of the computer is called hardware.

There are two types of device categories comes under the hardware.

• INPUT DEVICES
• OUTPUT DEVICES

DEFINATION OF INPUT DEVICE

That devices which helps a user to enter the data in to the computer is called input devices.

There are two types of devices categories comes under the input devices.

• Text input devices
• Pointer input devices

TEXT INPUT DEVICES

Those devices which are used only to enter the text data in to

the computer is called text input devices.

POINTER INPUT DEVICES                         

Those devices which works on by click and used to point something is called pointer input devices for e.g. mouse, joystick etc.

OUTPUT DEVICES

That device which is used to take output. If the given input is called output devices the most common input devices in the computer system is “MONITOR” monitor is also known as VDU (visual display unit).

 SOFTWARE

The non touchable part of the computer is known as software.

Software is mainly of three types.

• System software eg (Ms- Office)
• Application software eg (Paint, Ms-word)
• Utility software eg (Games, Anti-virus)

How many types of data?

• Alphabetic data = A to Z
• Numeric data = 0 to 9
• Alphanumeric data = +, _

Which device looks like a typewriter?

Keyboard

Which is the largest key in the keyboard?

Spacebar key

UNITS         EQUIVALENT

1 Bit =         0, 1

1 Byte =        8 bit

1 Kilo byte = 1024 bits

1Mega byte  = 1024 K.B

1 Giga byte  = 1024 M.B

1 Tera byte  = 1024 G.B

1 Peta byte  = 1024 T.B

COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION

According To Data Presentation

Defination of Analog Computer?

Analog computer process data input in a continous form. Data such as voltage resistance or temperature and pressure are represented in the computer as a continous unbroken flow of information.

DEFINATION OF DIGITAL COMPUTER

Digital computer on the other hand count and accept letters or numbers through various input device.That convert data into electric pulses, and perform arithmetic operations on number in discrete form.

 DEFINATION OF HYBRID COMPUTER

Hybrid computer combined both the feature of the digital and analog computer. They are suitable where digital processing in necessary in respect of data collected in the analog and hybrid a special purpose computers.

DEFINATION OF MEMORY UNIT

The data is stored in storage devices for processing data was well as for future references. There are two types of storage device.

• Primary storage devices
• Secondary storage devices

PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES

Primary memory is also known as internal memory or main memory placed on motherboard.

Hence primary memory’s directly accessible to the CPU for input of row data and output process data from the c.p.u.

For e.g. Ram, Rom

What is Ram?

Ram stand for random access memory. Ram function as a temporary storage area for data and instruction. It 10   it content when the power is not available and is therefore called volatile memory.

What is Rom?

Rom is the short for read only memory. A computer can only received data from it and cannot write anything it. Rom is designed to store some very important programmes permanently which helps in starting the computer various types of rom used are these days. There are P Rom, E Rom, E P Rom etc.

EXCEL 

Column

Row

Worksheet

COLOUMN

Total colomn in a single sheet = 256

 Width of a colomn by default =8.46

Maximum width of a colomn = 255

Minimum width of  a colomn = 0

Go first line to last colomn = Ctrl+right arrow key

Go last to first colomn = Ctrl +left arrow key

Colomn is denoted by alphabets (A, B, C)

Its position is vertical.

ROWS

Total no. of rows in a single sheet =65536

Height of a single row by default = 12.75

Maximum height of a row = 409

Minimum height of a row = 0

Row is denoted by numerical (1,2,3……)

Go first to last row = Ctrl+down arrow key

Go last to first row = Ctrl +up arrow key

WORKBOOK

Group of sheets called workbook. By default there is 3 sheets in a workbook.

Maximum sheets insert in a workbook = 255

Minimum sheets insert in a workbook = 1

Range of a row in a page in portrait size by default = 1 to 51

Range of column in a page in portrait size by default = A to I

EXTENSIONS

Excel = .xls

Paint = .bmp (bitmap image)

Notepad = .txt (text editor)

Wordpad = .rtf (rich text format)

Ms-word = .doc (document)

Powerpoint = .ppt (PowerPoint presentation)